作用类别
解热镇痛、非甾体抗炎药，抗血小板聚集药。
镇痛解热
阿司匹林通过血管扩张短期内可以起到缓解头痛的效果，该
药对钝痛的作用优于对
锐痛的作用。故该药可缓解轻度或中度的钝疼痛，如头痛、牙痛、 神经痛、肌肉痛及月经痛；同时可以使被细菌
致热原升高的
下丘脑体温调节中枢调定点恢复（降至）正常水平，故也用于
感冒、流感等退热。该品仅能缓解症状，不能治疗引起疼痛、发热的病因，故需同时应用其他药物参与治疗。
消炎抗风湿
阿司匹林为治疗风湿热的
首选药物，用药后可解热、减轻炎症，使关节症状好转，血沉下降，但不能去除风湿的基本病理改变，也不能预防心脏损害及其他
合并症。如已有明显
心肌炎，一般都主张先用
肾上腺皮质激素，在风湿症状控制之后、停用激素之前，加用该品治疗，以减少停用激素后引起的
反跳现象。
治疗关节炎
除
风湿性关节炎外， 该品也用于治疗类风湿性关节炎，可改善症状，为进一步治疗创造条件。此外，该品用于
骨关节炎、
强直性脊椎炎、幼年型关节炎以及其他非风湿性炎症的骨骼肌肉疼痛，也能缓解症状。
抗血栓
抑制血小板凝集
高海拔登山时使用阿司匹林，它能抑制血小板的释放反应，抑制血小板的聚集。
患川崎病的患儿应用阿斯匹林，目的是减少
炎症反应和预防血管内血栓的形成。
2014年8月6日，
英国科学家对所有可用的证据进行评估分析后得出结论说，每天服用阿司匹林能减少患上或死于
胃癌、
肠癌等的几率。如果英国50岁以上人群在十年时间里，坚持每天服用阿司匹林的话，在20年里或许能让约12.2万人免受癌症之苦。
但是科学家同时警告说，阿司匹林会导致人体
内出血，所以在长期服用阿司匹林之前，必须征求医生的意见。在医学界，是否能长期服用阿司匹林一直是一个争议激烈的问题。
玛丽皇后学院的科学家发现，阿司匹林减少了30%到40%的肠癌、胃癌和
食道癌病人死亡率。
研究还发现，至少得坚持服用阿司匹林5年以上，才能看到积极的影响。
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